Investigación documental descriptiva, retrospectiva, de casos reportados de rabia transmitida por Desmodus rotundus, en los Estados Unidos Mexicanos, periodo de 2010-2016

Abstract

Rabies is considered one of the most important zoonoses in the world; affects the central nervous system (CNS) of warm-blooded animals; It is transmitted through the saliva of infected animals, mainly by biting and once the clinical signs are present it is fatal.A review of scientific literature that presented information on the rabies caused by the hematophagous bat D. rotundus, located in the United States of Mexico, was conducted. For the research, publications for the period 2010-2016 were considered. The rabies is a disease that at present in our country is practically controlled in domestic dogs, but not in the hematophagous bats. In the year of 2012, rabies foci in bovines were 45 in Yucatan, 44 in San Luis Potosí, 35 in Veracruz, 33; Puebla, Chiapas, Tabasco and Tamaulipas with 31 each, Hidalgo 21, Campeche 17, in the state of Mexico 12, Guerrero 11 and Querétaro 10, total 321.From the period of January to August 2013, rabies foci in bovines were 26 Chiapas, 25 Tamaulipas, 21 Yucatan, 19 Hidalgo, 18 Puebla, 17 Veracruz and 15 San Luis Potosí, total of 141 outbreaks this year. In Yucatan 668 MH were captured same amount that were treated, in Puebla 556 were captured of which 530 were treated, in Quintana Roo 247 were captured and treated, in Veracruz 241 of which 239 were treated, in Tamaulipas 157 were captured and 144 were treated, in Guerrero 142 were captured that were treated and finally Chiapas where 122 were captured and treated 44. The cases of human rabies were mostly in women being 5 (65.5%) and only 3 (37.5%) men, 5 of the 8 cases were under 30 years old.

La rabia es considerada una de las zoonosis más importantes del mundo; afecta al sistema nervioso central (SNC) de los animales de sangre caliente; se transmite mediante la saliva de animales infectados, principalmente por mordedura y una vez que se presentan los signos clínicos es fatal. Se realizó una revisión de literatura científica que presentara información de la rabia causada por el murciélago hematófago D. rotundus, y ubicado en los Estados Unidos Mexicanos. Para la investigación se consideraron publicaciones del período 2010-2016. La rabia es una enfermedad que en la actualidad en nuestro país se encuentra prácticamente controlada en perros domésticos, pero no en los murciélagos hematófagos. En el año de 2012, los focos rábicos en bovinos fueron 45 en Yucatán, 44 en San Luis Potosí, 35 en Veracruz, 33; Puebla, Chiapas, Tabasco y Tamaulipas con 31 cada uno, Hidalgo 21, Campeche 17, en el estado de México 12, Guerrero 11 y en Querétaro 10, total 321.Del periodo de enero a agosto de 2013, los focos rábicos en bovinos fueron 26 Chiapas, 25 Tamaulipas, 21 Yucatán, 19 Hidalgo, 18 Puebla, 17 Veracruz y 15 San Luis Potosí, total de 141 focos en este año. En Yucatán se capturaron 668 MH misma cantidad que se trataron, en Puebla se capturaron 556 de los que se trataron 530, en Quintana Roo se capturaron 247 y se trataron los mismos, en Veracruz se capturaron 241 de los que se trataron 239, en Tamaulipas se capturaron 157 y se trataron 144, en Guerrero se capturaron 142 mismos que se trataron y por último Chiapas donde se capturaron 122 y se trataron 44. Los casos de rabia humana fueron en su mayoría en mujeres siendo 5 (65.5%) y solamente 3 (37.5%) hombres, 5 de los 8 casos fueron menores de 30 años.