Nivel de riesgo para diabetes tipo 2 en adultos del Hospital General de Uriangato

Abstract

Introduction. People must identify risk factors for developing chronic diseases, including diabetes, which is highly prevalent in Mexico. Objective. To evaluate the level of risk for type 2 diabetes in adults at the General Hospital of Uriangato. Methodology. Quantitative approach with a descriptive, non-experimental, and cross-sectional design. The universe of this research consisted of 151 adults from the General Hospital of Uriangato, Guanajuato selected with a convenience sampling. Instrument: FINDRISC scale with eight questions and five risk levels. Descriptive and inferential statistics (U of Mann-Whitney and H of Kruskal-Wallis) were used. Results. Of the total adults, 53.6% were women, 56.3% with secondary education, 67.5% single, and 39.7% were employed. The mean age was 37.72 (SD=13.16), prediabetes was identified in 55.6%, abdominal circumference was abnormal in 50.6%, and 48.3% were overweight. A slightly elevated risk of developing diabetes was identified in 49.7% of the total sample, 48.1% in women and 51.4% in men. Conclusions. In this study, the risk of developing diabetes was slightly elevated in nearly five out of 10 people, higher in adults, primary school age, widowed, and retirees.

Las personas deben identificar los factores de riesgo para desarrollar enfermedades crónicas, entre ellas la diabetes que tiene una alta prevalencia en México. Objetivo. Evaluar el nivel de riesgo para diabetes tipo 2 en adultos del Hospital General de Uriangato. Metodología. Enfoque cuantitativo con diseño descriptivo, no experimental y transversal. El universo de esta investigación estuvo constituido por 151 adultos del Hospital General de Uriangato, Guanajuato seleccionados con un muestreo a conveniencia. Instrumento: escala FINDRISC con ocho preguntas y cinco niveles de riesgo. Se empleó estadística descriptiva e inferencial (U de Mann-Whitney y H de Kruskal-Wallis). Resultados. Del total de adultos, 53.6% fueron mujeres, 56.3% con secundaria, 67.5% solteros y 39.7% eran empleadas. La media de edad fue de 37.72 (DE=13.16), en 55.6% se identificó prediabetes, en 50.6% el perímetro abdominal fue anormal y 48.3% con sobrepeso. Se identificó riesgo ligeramente elevado para desarrollar diabetes en 49.7% del total de la muestra, 48.1% en mujeres y 51.4% en hombres. Conclusiones. En este estudio, el riesgo para desarrollar diabetes fue ligeramente elevado en casi cinco de cada 10 personas, mayor en adultos, de nivel primaria, viudos y jubilados.