BACKGROUND: In Mexico, approximately 14 million people have been diagnosed with Diabetes Mellitus. In 2020, 151,019 people died due to diabetes mellitus, which accounts for 14% of the total deaths in the country. At least 50% of diabetic patients will require surgical intervention at some point in their lives. OBJECTIVE: To identify the incidence of diabetic patients undergoing elective surgery who underwent capillary glucose measurement in the preoperative, perioperative, and postoperative periods at General Regional Hospital No. 1 Charo from April to August 2023. METHODS: An observational, descriptive, prospective, longitudinal study was conducted on diabetic patients undergoing elective surgery. A non-probabilistic sampling of patients attending care from April to August 2023 was performed. Their clinical, nursing, and intraoperative records were reviewed after the scheduled surgical procedure in the Post-Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU) to quantify the frequency of preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative capillary blood glucose measurements. A descriptive statistical analysis was conducted, including measures of central tendency, simple frequencies, and bivariate analysis. RESULTS: A total of 147 diabetic patients undergoing elective surgery were studied. 53.1% were female, and 46.9% were male, with a mean age of 59.4 years. Preoperative blood glucose measurement was performed in 91.2% of the patients, 53.1% during the intraoperative period, and 68.7% postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: In diabetic patients undergoing elective procedures at HGR No. 1, Charo, glycemic control was primarily performed through capillary blood glucose measurements during their surgical intervention. Hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia were observed, and therapeutic measures were taken for their management.
ANTECEDENTES: En México, cerca de 14 millones de personas cuentan con diagnóstico de Diabetes Mellitus. En 2020, 151 019 personas fallecieron a causa de la diabetes mellitus, lo cual equivale a 14% del total de defunciones ocurridas en el país. Al menos 50% de los pacientes diabéticos necesitará una intervención quirúrgica a lo largo de su vida. OBJETIVO: Identificar la incidencia de pacientes diabéticos sometidos a cirugía electiva en los que se realizó la medición de glicemia capilar en el pre, peri y postoperatorio, en el Hospital Regional General No 1 Charo durante el periodo de abril a agosto de 2023. MATERIAL Y METODOS: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, prospectivo y longitudinal, en pacientes diabéticos sometidos a cirugía electiva. El muestreo no fue probabilístico de los pacientes que acudieron a atención de abril a agosto de 2023. Se revisó su expediente clínico, registro de enfermería y registro transanestesico después del procedimiento quirúrgico al que fueron programados, en el área de Unidad de Cuidados Postanestesicos (UCPA), con la finalidad de cuantificar la frecuencia en la toma de glucemia capilar pre, trans y postquirúrgica. Se realizó un análisis estadístico descriptivo: medidas de tendencia central, frecuencias simples y bivariadas. RESULTADOS: Se estudiaron un total de 147 pacientes diabéticos intervenidos de manera electiva. El 53.1% fueron mujeres y 46.9% hombres, la media de edad fue de 59.4 años. Se realizó toma de glicemia prequirúgica en 91.2% de los pacientes, 53.1% durante el periquirúrgico y en un 68.7% en el postquirúrgico. CONCLUSIONES: En los pacientes diabéticos sometidos de manera electiva en HGR No. 1, Charo, se realizó en la mayoría un control glucémico mediante la toma de glicemia capilar durante su intervención quirúrgica. Se presentaron eventos de hipoglucemia e hiperglucemia y se tomaron medidas terapéuticas para su manejo.
