Incidencia de colecistitis aguda moderada según guías de Tokio 2018 en pacientes con obesidad operados en el Hospital General Regional No. 1 Morelia, Michoacán

Abstract

BACKGROUND. Acute cholecystitis is defined as a sudden inflammation of the gallbladder, typically resulting from cystic duct obstruction caused by gallstones. It is a common complication that can result in significant complications, including serious infections. The incidence of acute cholecystitis is significantly higher in obese patients due to the presence of multiple factors associated with this condition. The significance of this factor in this population is twofold: firstly, in terms of the additional complications and outcomes that obesity can introduce, and secondly, in terms of the impact that these can have on the overall prognosis. OBJECTIVE. To determine the incidence of acute cholecystitis according to Tokyo 2018 guidelines in patients with obesity operated at the regional General Hospital No. 1 Regional General Hospital No. 1 Morelia, Michoacán. MATERIAL AND METHODS. A descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted. The study population consisted of patients with acute cholecystitis at Hospital General Regional No. 1 during 2023, aged >18 years, of any gender, who had undergone a complete surgical protocol (preoperative and preanesthetic assessments), and who had a BMI ? 30. The incidence of acute cholecystitis was evaluated in accordance with validated scales (BMI ? 30), as outlined in the Tokyo Guidelines 2018. The study employed a series of measures of central tendency. RESULTS. A total of 422 patients who had undergone cholecystectomy were included in the study. Of these, 151 were obese, with a mean BMI of 32.971. The gender distribution was 115 women and 36 men, with a mean age of 47.47 years (DE 15.96 years). CONCLUSIONS. The incidence of acute cholecystitis by Tokyo criteria in obese patients was high, establishing guidelines to emphasize specialized care in this population.

INTRODUCCI�ÓN. La colecistitis aguda es una inflamación súbita de la vesícula biliar, generalmente causada por la obstrucción del conducto cístico debido a cálculos biliares. Es una complicación común, puede llevar a infecciones graves. En pacientes obesos, la incidencia de colecistitis aguda es significativamente mayor debido a múltiples factores asociados con esta condición. La importancia del abordaje en esta población radica en las complicaciones y desenlaces adicionales que la obesidad puede introducir. OBJETIVO. Determinar la incidencia de colecistitis aguda moderada según guías Tokio 2018 en pacientes con obesidad operados en el Hospital General Regional No. 1 Morelia, Michoacán. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS. Se realizo un estudio descriptivo, transversal, retrospectivo. Se incluyeron pacientes con colecistitis aguda en el Hospital General Regional No. 1 durante 2023, >18 años, cualquier género, protocolo quirúrgico completo (valoración preoperatoria y valoración preanestésica), IMC ? 30. Se evaluó la incidencia de colecistitis aguda de acuerdo con escalas validadas (Guías de Tokio 2018). Se establecieron medidas de tendencia central. RESULTADOS. 422 pacientes posoperados de colecistectomía, 151 fueron obesos (IMC promedio 32.971), mujeres 115, hombres 36, media edad 47.47 años + 15.96 años, media (min. 20, max. 92 años), incidencia por grados de severidad de acuerdo con criterios de Tokio, leve 36.4%, moderada 62.9%, severa 0.7% CONCLUSI�ÓN. La incidencia de colecistitis aguda por criterios de Tokio en pacientes obesos fue alta, se deben establecer pautas para enfatizar la atención especializada en esta población.