INTRODUCTION: The social support index is defined as the set of instrumental and/or expressive provisions provided by the community. It is an influencing factor in the metabolic imbalance of patients with chronic degenerative diseases, making the study of this subject essential. GENERAL OBJECTIVE: To identify the social support index of older adults with diabetes mellitus and hypertension attending the outpatient clinic of HGZ/MF No. 2. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among outpatients of family medicine at HGZ/MF No. 2. Participants included men and women over 60 years old with diabetes and/or hypertension. Those with cognitive impairment were excluded. The MOS Scale was applied to identify the social support index, with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.96. Descriptive statistics and the chi-square test for the association of qualitative variables with p<0.05 were used. Data analysis was performed with SPSS v.23 software. RESULTS: A total of 372 older adults were surveyed, with a mean age of 70.37±7.20 years. Of these, 159 (42.7%) were male and 213 (57.3%) female; 168 (45.2%) had DM, and 333 (89.5%) had HAS. A medium social support index was observed in 72 participants (19.4%), while 300 (80.6%) had a minimum index. The minimum index prevailed in those aged 60-70 years (162; 43.6%), female participants (168; 45.2%), and individuals with basic education (232; 62.4%). The most affected domains were affective support (299; 80.4%) and positive social interaction (299; 80.4%). CONCLUSIONS: Most older adults with diabetes mellitus and hypertension present a minimum social support index. It is crucial to provide support not only from the multidisciplinary healthcare team but also through the emotional support and accompaniment of the family unit.
INTRODUCCION: El índice de apoyo social se define como el conjunto de provisiones instrumentales y/o expresivas, aportadas por la comunidad. Es factor influyente en el descontrol metabólico de pacientes con enfermedades crónico degenerativas por lo que es fundamental el estudio del tema. OBJETIVO GENERAL: Identificar el índice de apoyo social que presentan los adultos mayores con diabetes mellitus e hipertensión que acuden a la consulta externa del HGZ/MF No.2. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal descriptivo, en derechohabientes de consulta externa de medicina familiar del HGZ/MF No.2, ambos sexos, mayores de 60 años, con diabetes y/o hipertensión arterial. Se excluyeron aquellos con deterioro cognitivo. Se aplicó Escala MOS para identificar índice de apoyo social, alfa de Cronbach de 0.96. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva y prueba chi2 para asociación de variables cualitativas, con p<0.05. Se utilizó el programa SPSS v.23 para su análisis. RESULTADOS: Se encuestaron 372 adultos mayores, con edad media 70.37±7.20 años, 159(42.7%) sexo masculino, 213(57.3%) femenino, 168(45.2%) con DM y 333(89.5%) con HAS. Presentaron índice de apoyo social medio 72(19.4%) y 300(80.60%) mínimo. Prevaleciendo el índice mínimo en aquellos de 60-70 años 162(43.6%), del sexo femenino 168(45.2%) y escolaridad básica 232(62.4%). Los dominios afectados fueron apoyo afectivo 299(80.4%) e interacción social positiva 299(80.4%). CONCLUSIONES: La mayoría de adultos mayores con diabetes mellitus e hipertensión arterial presentan índice de apoyo social mínimo; siendo importante el apoyo no solo del equipo multidisciplinario en la atención médica del paciente, sino también del acompañamiento y apoyo afectivo por parte del núcleo familiar.
