Introduction: Stroke is a disease related to multiple comorbidities, such as uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and hypertension; It is the leading cause of death worldwide, with an estimated 5.5 million people dying annually and 5% will have permanent sequelae. General objective: To determine the comorbidities associated with ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke in patients treated in the emergency department of HGZ/MF No. 2. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional analytical and retrospective study. 100 patient records with a diagnosis of stroke confirmed by tomography and with inclusion criteria were reviewed, treated from January 2022 to December 2023 at HGZ/MF No.2. Sociodemographic and clinical variables were collected. Descriptive statistics, Chi2 for association between categorical variables, and OR (Odds Ratio) were used, with a significant value of p <0.05 and statistical program SPSS v.23 for data analysis. Results: 4 (4.0%) were excluded because they were transient strokes, leaving 33 (33.0%) with hemorrhagic stroke and 65 (65.0%) ischemic. With a mean age of 72.94± 12.75 years, 66 (66.0%) men and 34 (34.0%) women. A higher risk of hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke was found in patients with uncontrolled BP [3,407(1.88-9,770)] and male sex [1,150(.474,2.792)], while DM increases the risk of ischemic stroke [2,530(1,037,6,173)]. Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of ischemic stroke, presenting a higher risk of suffering in case of chronic comorbidities or metabolic uncontrol; prevention with lifestyle changes is therefore important to reduce morbidity and mortality.
Introducción: El ictus es una enfermedad relacionada con múltiples comorbilidades, como diabetes mellitus e hipertensión arterial descontroladas; ocupa las primeras causas de muerte mundialmente, estimándose que 5.5 millones de personas anualmente fallecen y 5% tendrán secuelas permanentes. Objetivo general: Conocer las comorbilidades asociadas al ictus isquémico y hemorrágico en pacientes atendidos en el servicio de urgencias del HGZ/MF No.2. Material y métodos: Estudio transversal analítico y retrospectivo. Se revisaron 100 expedientes de pacientes con diagnóstico de ictus confirmado por tomografía y con criterios de inclusión, atendidos de enero 2022 a diciembre 2023 en el HGZ/MF No.2. Se recabaron variables sociodemográficas y clínicas. Se usó estadística descriptiva, Chi2 para asociación entre variables categóricas y OR (Odds Ratio), con valor significativo de p <0.05 y programa estadístico SPSS v.23 para el análisis de datos. Resultados: Se excluyeron 4 (4.0%) por tratarse de ictus transitorio, restando 33(33.0%) con ictus hemorrágico y 65(65.0%) isquémico. Con una edad media 72.94± 12.75 años, 66(66.0%) hombres y 34(34.0%) mujeres. Se encontró mayor riesgo de ictus hemorrágico e isquémico en aquellos pacientes con descontrol de la TA [3.407(1.88-9.770)] y sexo masculino [1.150(.474,2.792)], mientras que la DM incrementa el riesgo de ictus isquémico [2.530(1.037,6.173)]. Conclusiones: Existe alta prevalencia de ictus isquémico, presentando mayor riesgo de padecerse en caso de comorbilidades crónicas o descontrol metabólico; siendo importante por ello la prevención con cambios en estilo de vida para disminuir la morbimortalidad.
