The production of fossil fuels to satisfy energy demand has caused a drastic increment in the greenhouse gas emissions, which are associated directly with the global warming problem. Installing biorefineries is an interesting alternative to address this problem because biomass can capture CO2 emissions during its growth. On the other hand, a new interesting approach to promote economic growth in low-income regions is through new eco-industries dedicated to cultivate trees and taking care of the forest. These forest plantations help to capture CO2 emissions produced by petroleum refineries and biorefineries. Therefore, a system able to integrate fuels production through refineries and biorefineries with the use of forest plantations to decrease the greenhouse gas emissions can be an attractive solution to significantly improve the environmental sustainability. However, the implementation of this project has to consider several factors, including the life time of the project, the availability of resources, the amount and type of products that should be produced, the allocation and capacity of the involved refineries, biorefineries and forest plantations, among others. For this reason, this paper presents an optimization model for the optimal planning of an integrated system for the production of fossil fuels and biofuels considering the interaction with eco-industries, which are able to capture emissions from biorefineries and refineries and receive an economic benefit. The proposed mathematical model takes into account the availability of biomass, the production of oil, a set of existing biorefineries and refineries as well as the possibility to install new facilities. The mathematical approach was applied to a nationwide case study from Mexico, considering the creation of new jobs, overall emissions and net profit as objectives. The results are shown through a Pareto curve, which is useful to make decisions about the planning of the interactions between these types of industries as well as determining the supply chain configuration in order to satisfy overall demand of products.
El incremento de emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero como el CO2, está asociado al calentamiento global. Recientemente se han propuesto alternativas para disminuir la tasa de emisiones de CO2 a la atmosfera; una de las más aceptadas es el uso de la biomasa como materia prima para la producción de bioenergéticos, que se pueden usar en combinación con los combustibles fósiles. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar un modelo de optimización multi-objetivo para la integración de refinerías y biorefinerías con eco-industrias forestales para disminuir gases de efecto invernadero, principalmente CO2. El modelo propuesto se basa en la representación de un sistema integrado de refinerías y biorefinerías con Eco-industrias, las cuales consisten en comunidades dedicadas a plantaciones forestales para captura de CO2 y considera funciones objetivo económica, ambiental y social; las cuales son la maximización de las ganancias totales y la minimización de las emisiones totales de gases de CO2 y la generación de empleos. El modelo fue resuelto para un caso de estudio a nivel nacional mostrando que es posible la disminución de las emisiones de CO2 y obtener beneficios económicos a la vez. El modelo propuesto es un esquema de optimización de un problema multi-objetivo de sistemas de producción de combustibles y biocombustibles, reconociendo que la biomasa es capaz de capturar parte de las emisiones producidas por la quema de combustibles durante su crecimiento, y simultáneamente se considera que la biomasa forestal puede utilizarse como sumidero de carbono a través de empresas denominadas eco-industrias.
