Insulin and insulin-like peptides are widely distributed in organisms, ranging from prokaryotes such as Escherichia coli and unicellular eukaryotes such as Tetrahymena, in fungi and cyanobacteria, to higher eukaryotes. ...

Acute diarrheal diseases are an intestinal disease that is generally infectious and self-limited, characterized by liquid or decreased consistency and frequent bowel movements, almost always in a number greater than three ...

Standardization is a term that generates the word quality, currently companies, government institutions and institutions of Teaching, adopt the standards as a guarantee of quality and competitiveness in their activities. ...

Campylobacter microorganisms cause both diarrheal and systemic diseases and are among the most widely distributed infectious causes worldwide. Campylobacter infection in domesticated animals also shows a wide distribution. ...

Bovine mastitis is an inflammation of the mammary tissue usually caused by bacteria. This is manifested by hard, red udders that are warmer than normal and painful to the touch (Fox et al., 2001). In cases of clinical ...

Within the organic synthesis the addition reaction of Michael is one of the fundamental methods in the formation of C-C bonds. Said reaction has been the subject of extensive studies in order to determine its mechanism, ...

ubiquitin ligase complex SCF NFB1 was studied in Neurospora crassa. SCF complexes (Skp1-Cullina-fbox) participate in marking proteins called ubiquitin linking the peptide to the substrate proteins that will later be degraded. ...

Tequila is an alcoholic beverage obtained from the distillation and rectification of musts derived from the milling of the mature heads of agave, previously cooked and subjected to fermentation by fermenting yeasts, ...

Plants and animals have developed several defense mechanisms against pathogens. One such mechanism is the immune system plays physiological function to protect the host against infection and remove foreign substances (Abbas ...

Plasmids are extrachromosomal genetic elements of double-stranded, circular, covalently closed, supercoiled DNA (although linear plasmids exist in Borrelia and some Actinomycetes). Plasmids occasionally contain genes that ...