This Thesis presents a mathematical programming model for the optimal planning of an integrated system for producing fuels and biofuels considering the interaction with facilities capable to capture emissions from biorefineries and refineries and receive a monetary benefit, these facilities can be named eco-industries or forest plantations. The proposed approach is formulated as a multi-stakeholder scheme to consider the benefits and affectations in each one of the involved supply chain entities, and determining how the interactions between the different stakeholders take place. This way, the proposed approach takes into account the profit of biorefineries, refineries and forest plantations, as well as the emissions and generated jobs of each one of the involved entities. Additionally, it is considered local and imported raw materials to satisfy the energy demand. Also, the approach considers features such as the project life time, the availability of resources, the amount and type of products that should be produced and the allocation and capacity of the refineries, biorefineries and forest plantations. The mathematical approach was applied to a nationwide case study for Mexico, considering the creation of new jobs, overall emissions and net profit as main objectives.
En este trabajo se proponen alternativas para mitigar el problema del cambio climático considerando la reducción de las emisiones de CO2, entre estas alternativas se considera el uso de biocombustibles líquidos, así como la implementación de plantaciones forestales integradas a la cadena de valor global asociada a combustibles fósiles. Por tal motivo, en este trabajo se propone integrar un sistema de producción de combustibles a través de refinerías y biorefinerías incluyendo el uso de plantaciones forestales para disminuir emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero mediante un modelo matemático para la planificación óptima de un sistema integrado de producción de combustibles y biocombustibles considerando la interacción con plantaciones forestales llamadas eco-industrias. Los resultados son obtenidos a través de un esquema tipo multi-stakeholder o múltiples tomadores de decisiones para considerar los beneficios y efectos de cada una de las entidades involucradas en la cadena de suministro y determinar las interacciones entre los diferentes entes involucrados para la toma de decisiones.
